Perceptions of Reading for Pleasure in Boys Methodology

View of Reading for Pleasure in Boys Methodology Approach. Configuration approach To address the test of young men view of perusing for joy and alluding to important writing, I chose to move toward the exploration utilizing triangulation so interrogation of discoveries could be accomplished inside a moderately short space of time. A blended strategy research approach was utilized to respond to my examination question so that in doing a survey, follow up meetings and perceptions could happen to answer further fundamental causes and questions. Cresswell at al. (1993) portrays the blended technique approach as gathering, breaking down and coordinating both subjective and quantitative information through a solitary or different investigations. In doing this Kettley (2012) composes that it takes into account the investigation of the two examples and reasons for conduct which can uplift the unwavering quality of results. In any case, Laws (2003) challenges this view, expressing that an assortment diverse examination points of view may not coordinate flawlessly as there could be difference and struggle between discoveries. Laws (2003) suggests that a specialist ought to fundamentally break down any differences in discoveries so to make importance from them. What analysts have utilized it-for what reason is it acceptable Triangulation-what is it (ive utilized this technique however give some understanding) Inspecting 300 words Morse and Niehaus (2009) see that inspecting strategies are expected to amplify the productivity and legitimacy of exploration results. This examination included utilizing a deliberate example, a method which is generally utilized with the goal that people or gatherings of members are particularly proficient or experienced in ones line of request (Palinkas et al., 2013). For this exploration, multi year three classes both from free schools were picked to investigate the test of young men perusing for delight. My principle enthusiasm for this exploration was to perceive how view of perusing varied between classes which had individuals that were thought to peruse more for joy, (for example, in a blended setting) in contrast with a class where the class was all young men and were generalized to be uninvolved to peruse in their spare time. These schools were picked as the quantity of young men in every year bunch were comparable and were of difference as far as single sex or blended. The two schools were from a similar district of Oxfordshire, and all individuals from staff in every year bunch were female. The two gatherings of students were, albeit decided on school foundation type, not founded on foreordained perspectives on perusing for delight. Patton (2002) features that the utilization of a deliberate example is to catch significant varieties through the examination of results instead of to recognize a typical center. Because of the absence of single sex grade schools, a private blended school was picked as the difference so that as far as kinds of schools these were the equivalent. If I somehow happened to complete this exploration once more, I would include increasingly single sex and blended schools in my examination with the goal that my outcomes were not summed up Perception Observational information is an alluring type of information assortment as it permits the scientist to accumulate proof from genuine circumstances (Cohen et al., 2000). Toward the start of every week in the schools, I watched the youngsters in their learning condition, focusing particularly on the day by day schedule and how English was educated. I decided to utilize perceptions as one of my examination strategies as it permits you direct access to social associations which can be of center to the exploration intrigue (Simpson and Tuson, 1995) while additionally seeing and breaking down the physical, human, interactional and program setting (Cohen at al., 2000). Utilizing a semi-organized perception approach permitted me to submerge myself in the circumstance so I could see how perusing for delight was advanced inside the homeroom and how kids responded to perusing in the study hall condition. As I was contrasting two diverse year bunches from various schools, utilizing the unstructu red methodology took into account components of the observational circumstance represent themselves, instead of setting up a perception plan (Cohen et al., 2000). Thomas (2009) states that albeit an unstructured perception might be simpler in contrast with organized, it includes a lot of preliminary work so one can turn out to be a piece of the circumstance and requires affectability, thought and promise to break down the discoveries definitively. Punch (1998) features different troubles expressing that as far as recording information, the adaptable idea of observational techniques, the account of information can possibly become adaptable too. To defeat this expected hindrance, just noted qualities from every class as far as the physical condition, the connections to education in exercises, childrens conduct lastly educators systems. Every single observational technique have preferences and hindrances, anyway with cautious arrangement, they can be useful assets in increasing importa nt examination proof. Poll A poll was chosen to be utilized to discover the childrens perspectives on perusing for delight, also discovering what different side interests they like to do in their available time and how frequently they occupied with perusing for joy in their leisure time. Dim (2004) suggests that polls are utilized when working with a huge crowd where normalized questions are required. Utilizing surveys as an exploration strategy permits a scientific methodology which can be utilized to investigate connections between factors. Gillham (2000) features that there are a couple of invaluable parts of a polls which has prompted it being a well known decision of examination strategy. A portion of these elements incorporate minimal effort, snappy information recovery and the way that polls can be sent to a huge size of individuals in brief period. Gillham (2000) likewise features that obscurity can be guaranteed while utilizing a survey anyway he additionally calls attention to that from a more minor perspective, analysts might know about qualities of respondents and in this way ready to distinguish answers dependent on a character profile. In the same way as other examination techniques, surveys have their downsides. Gillham (2000) prompts that if a poll is to be characteristically spurring for members, the length should run somewhere in the range of four and six pages. Robson (2011) further features that the inspiration of a member could influence the information prompting a less legitimate outcome. To beat these boundaries, I picked 12 inquiries, a considerable lot of which were shut inquiries which required small reasoning time. Two open inquiries were utilized to discover their view point on why they delighted in or despised perusing, and what might rouse them to peruse more for joy. Because of the obscurity of surveys, scientists can't recognize deceiving or cocky answers, and if no further follow-up perceptions or meetings are included, specialists will most likely be unable to distinguish genuine portrayals. As I utilized two other exploration techniques nearby surveys, I had the option to recognize an increasin gly legitimate portrayal of kids and educators perspectives in contrast with simply utilizing one strategy alone. Utilizing the equivalent normalized questions which have been steered and changed if fundamental, it is conceivable to increase a high unwavering quality of reaction (Robson, 2011). Preceding the examination occurring, I messaged the polls to the two schools and tried the inquiries for lucidity with an outer 8-year-old kid so the inquiries were clear and the jargon was age fitting. Meeting I chose to utilize semi organized meetings with both the educators of year three from the two schools and a choice of 4 young men who were considered hesitant perusers by their instructors. This was with the goal that my exploration could be additionally bolstered and a more profound comprehension of the two educators and young men could be accomplished. Arksey and Knight (1999) remark that the strategy for talking permits members to communicate their emotions and view of their general surroundings. This further concurred by Cohen and Marion (1997) featuring that one of the crucial explanations behind utilizing interviews as a feature of an exploration approach is to assemble data on a people information, worth and mentality which can be utilized related to different techniques, for example, a review. These meetings were attempted after they had finished the poll, with the goal that I had the option to acquire understanding into what inspired young men to peruse in the study hall and at home, and what might rouse them further to peruse for joy. In spite of the fact that the inquiries for every understudy was the equivalent, a semi-organized methodology was utilized so answers could be explained further and I could increase a progressively straightforward comprehension. Utilizing semi organized meetings while exploring childrens perspectives is perfect, particularly when utilized nearby kid benevolent language and meeting in places in which the youngster knows about (Graham et al., 2012). Each class educator was additionally addressed on which methodologies they used to advance perusing for delight. As half of the educators were from the blended school, the inquiries were worded marginally distinctively as I needed to discover how they inspired the young men. The entirety of the meetings with every understudy was recorded as opposed to making notes on what was being said. This was with the goal that I could focus on their non-verbal communication and verbal reaction simultaneously instead of focusing fundamentally on simply verbal input. It has been accounted for that taking notes during a meeting can divert the questioner from the focal point of the discussion which can bring about lost basic data (Britten, 1995) hence utilizing a top notch recorder close by note taking on the members non-verbal communication and feelings can fundamentally diminish the probability of mistake or misguided judgments during information investigation (Fernandez and Griffiths, 2007). As most of the meetings were with the kids, it was significant that the kids could see that I had their complete consideration, and that b

Night of the Scorpion and Vultures Poem Comparison Essay Example

Night of the Scorpion and Vultures Poem Comparison Paper The two sonnets Night of the Scorpion and Vultures are both comparable in a few different ways yet the most evident likeness is that the two sonnets include creatures. The two sonnets additionally include insidiousness and love, Night of the Scorpion discussing the wickedness of a scorpions sting and a moms love and Vultures discussing how malicious animals can cherish. In Night of the Scorpion, the speakers mother is stung by a scorpion and the neighborhood individuals attempt a wide range of peculiar and odd cures. In this sonnet you feel some compassion toward the scorpion; it has been driven from its home by the downpour and compelled to seek shelter underneath a sack of rice. The scorpion isn't being forceful, it isn't meandering through the house attempting to discover somebody to sting, it is acting protectively in light of the fact that its concealing spot has been upset. The vultures, in any case, appear to be significantly progressively evil. They are searching out bodies and pigging out themselves on the tissue. Despite the fact that they are not being forceful by assaulting living creatures, the way that they are devouring carcasses makes you consider them fainthearted creatures, trusting that another creature will slaughter something and afterward taking the extras. Both of the creatures demonstration contrastingly and in this way fill various needs in their separate sonnets. In Night of the Scorpion, the scorpion makes torment the speakers mother and it is this agony, and the individuals in the sonnets responses to the torment, that is managed. In Vultures in any case, the vultures are utilized as representations to show that even abhorrent things can cherish. Night of the Scorpion is a sonnet that manages somebody elses torment, though the sonnet Vultures manages an individual who is causing torment. We will compose a custom paper test on Night of the Scorpion and Vultures Poem Comparison explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Night of the Scorpion and Vultures Poem Comparison explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Night of the Scorpion and Vultures Poem Comparison explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Night of the Scorpion includes the speaker in the sonnet, reviewing an episode wherein his mom was stung by a scorpion, while Vultures manages a Nazi official who has been executing individuals. The two sonnets additionally manage disease, in Night of the Scorpion the mother has been tainted with a scorpions venom, and this is flowing through her veins, and in Vultures, a Daddy has been contaminated with malicious and has become a Nazi official, not mulling over slaughtering somebody.

Bad Credit Repair When to Close a Credit Card and When to Keep It Open

Bad Credit Repair When to Close a Credit Card and When to Keep It Open Bad Credit Repair: When to Close a Credit Card and When to Keep It Open Bad Credit Repair: When to Close a Credit Card and When to Keep It Open Closing a credit card will negatively impact your score, but not for the reason you think.Your credit score is very important. This three-digit number compiled by the three major credit bureaus determines what kind of loans and other credit cards you’ll be able to qualify for and at what rates.Simply put, your credit score determines your financial future.How does a credit score work, anyway?If your score is in the high 700s or above, you’ll have a good shot at getting whatever kinds of loan you might need. But if that score is under 700, your prospects will look gradually worse and worse the lower it gets.If your score is too low, you might not be able to find any loan at all, other than a bad credit loan. And while some bad credit loans can be useful financial tools,  many of them are quite risky. For instance, you could end up with a no credit check loan with super high rates and super short payment terms you might even have to put up your car as collateral.Clearly, you’ll be much better off with a higher credit score, but if you’re starting with a low score or even no score at all, it can be really intimidating to build up good credit. One of the most important steps is paying down your debts and paying all of your bills on-time going forward.But there’s often some confusion when it comes to credit cards. If less debt is good, wouldn’t the best possible option be paying off your remaining credit card balances and then closing them so you won’t be able to acquire any further credit card debt?Closing a credit card wont lower the age of your credit.While you might be worried about hurting your credit score through credit card misuse, proper credit card use is one of the most effective ways to build up your score. And that’s not all. If you aren’t careful, you can actually harm your credit score by closing a credit card.“Closing credit cards is typically a bad idea for y our credit scores, but not for the reason a lot of people believe,” advised Michelle Black  credit expert and president at www.HOPE4USA.com. “One of the factors which FICO considers when calculating your credit scores is the average age of the accounts on your credit reportsâ€"the older the better.Some people believe that when you close an account, such as a credit card, you lose credit for the age of that account when your average age of accounts is calculated. However, that is not true. Closed credit card accounts remain on your credit for generally seven to 10 years (seven years for negative accounts, 10 years for positive accounts). As long as the account  remains on your credit reports, the age of the account will continue to be considered by credit scoring models.Closing credit cards will hurt your credit utilization ratio.“The real reason why closing a credit card account often damages credit scores is because closing an account, especially one which is paid off, can tr igger an increase in your aggregate revolving utilization ratio. Credit scoring models take a look at how much total credit card debt you owe versus your total credit limits on open accounts. When you close an account your overall or aggregate credit card limit is lowered, often resulting in lower credit scores.”Katie Ross, Education and Development Manager at the American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, reiterated the warning against closing credit cards recklessly while also advising how best to properly close them:“Closing your credit cards, especially closing multiple cards at once, will hurt your credit score, credit utilization, and length of credit history. Only close your card if you can’t control your spending and need to remove the temptation. However, if you plan on closing cards, you should fulfill your debt obligation so that it doesn’t report as closed, but with a balance. If you decide to close multiple cards, gradually doing so every six months will help limit the damage to your score, rather than closing multiple cards at once.”So closing credit cards isn’t an inherently good way to improve your credit, and can even cause it greater harm.If youre going to close a credit card, which one should you close?This doesn’t mean that you should never ever close a credit card. But how do you know which to close and which to leave open?Thankfully, Ross gave us the rundown on which cards you should close:“The card you don’t use with an annual fee. A card with an annual fee that you aren’t using will just cost you money.“A newer card you don’t use; it won’t help you establish credit history.“Make sure closing one card doesn’t impact your score by paying off balances on all other cards. If you have zero balances, your credit utilization rate will be zero, and won’t be impacted by the loss of a balance.And which cards does Ross advise leaving open?“Keep your oldest credit card open. A longer, positive credit history is beneficial to your score.“Don’t close a card with a high credit limit, especially if you have high balances on other cards or loans. Closing a card with a higher limit will negatively impact your credit utilization ratio, making it seem like your ratio is spiking.“If you do close a card, request a credit increase on another existing card to maintain a strong ratio.”Old cards are better than new cards, and secured cards can also help rebuild your credit.Another expert we spoke to echoed Ross’s advice about leaving open cards you’ve had for a while and offered some tips about trying out new cards:“Keep the credit cards you use and the cards you have held for a long time,” Janice Lintz, consumer writer and CEO of Hearing Access Innovations, told us. “A card that you have held for an extended time boosts your score. I was shortsighted and closed a card I held which was an error. But I will not shut a card I have held for 32 years since it boosts my score dramatically. “I regularly try and close cards that dont work for me. Some cards I dont think I will like and do and vice versa. I ‘date’ my credit cards to see if we can be in a long-term relationship. My score is in the high sevens to eights.”But what if you don’t have a credit score or any credit cards? Or you lost your credit cards for some reason?“After bankruptcy, all the credit card companies cancel the credit cards, so I tell my clients to open a secure credit card to start building a credit history and to improve their credit ratings,” explained attorney Arnold Hernandez.Hopefully, this has all helped you get a better understanding of how closing your credit cards can impact your credit. Now go forth, and may your credit be stronger than ever!To learn more about credit scores, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:5 Surprising Ways You Can Hurt Your Credit ScoreIs the Credit Blacklist a Real Thing or an Urban Myth?Can You Have Bad Credit Even With a Good Income?What other questions do you have about credit scores?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsMichelle Black  (@MichelleLBlack)  is a credit expert and President at  www.HOPE4USA.com, a credit education program located in the Charlotte, NC area.Arnold Hernandez has been an attorney since 2000. He has represented consumers in many different areas of law. He has handled personal injury, wrongful death, unpaid overtime claims, and bankruptcy. He hs set goals to also represent individuals pro bono.Janice Lintz (@JaniceLintz) is also a consumer education/travel writer. Her work has been published in Forbes.com, Yahoo Travel, Huffington Post and Johnny Jet. She contributed twice to Wendy Perrin’s column in Condé Nast Traveler and is featured in Departures magazines marketing video. Janice has traveled to 106 UN countries and 147 Travelers Century Club destinations. She is also the CEO of  Hearing Access Innovation s.Katie Ross, joined the  American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, management team in 2002 and is currently responsible for organizing and implementing high-performance development initiatives designed to increase consumer financial awareness. Ms. Ross’s main focus is to conceptualize the creative strategic programming for ACCC’s client base and national base to ensure a maximum level of educational programs that support and cultivate ACCC’s organization.

The Field Of Business Strategy - 1092 Words

Billy The field of Business Strategy is wide and uncertain. It preaches that balance is benefit, and in order to successfully operate a company comprised of many moving parts requires a more general knowledge of everything, rather than a specialization in a few areas, and lacking general knowledge of the rest. What is best to do for business isn’t a formula, or an algorithm, or anything plain and simple. It is like chess strategy, save the few situations that involve an early end of game. It is not known if offence is better than defense, and decisions are based upon the current situation, but decisions, early ones especially, are guided heavily by instinct. There is no â€Å"right move†, or rather there are multiple, many in the business†¦show more content†¦It is no surprise, therefore, that it is becoming a dependable and beneficial resource to companies. Also, extensive tasks that are essential to business operation must be completed by a team, tasks that involve moving parts in a changing market, and therefore the ability to work in a team is a valuable asset for employees, and the ability to craft a team that will work efficiently is a valuable asset to the business strategy of managers. But does there need to be a team for everything? The author articulates that to put a team on a small or simple task actually becomes inefficient. The decision to make a team stems from wanting an efficient allocation of resources. Since some work better on their own, that makes them valuable when it comes to small or large and simple tasks, that would not benefit much from the differing opinions of a team, nor the manpower of a team. The next idea I identified was to build from the bottom. In an article that examined what successful CEOs know and do, two of the four sections are: â€Å"They Know the Whole Business† and â€Å"They Know the Industry†. A little can go a long way when it comes to business strategy. In order to develop an effective business strategy, and therefore the most important foundation of business strategy, is to build from the bottom, including building your own knowledge. Other articles I examined included a start up phone

Peer Groups and Bullying Incidents Essay - 1720 Words

On April 9th 1999, Eric Klebold and Dylan Harris entered Columbine High School and after shooting 11 people inside the school, the two boys shot themselves. March 5th 2001, Charles â€Å"Andy† Williams began shooting inside Santana High School in Santee, California killing 2 students and injuring 13 others. In another incident four students and one teacher were killed as well as 10 other people wounded outside a middle school in Arkansas while student shooters fired shots from the nearby woods during a false fire alarm. In recent news Tyler Clementi jumped off the George Washington Bridge in New York after another student secretly showed streaming video of a sexual encounter between Tyler and another boy, and Megan Meir hung herself†¦show more content†¦Students who bully can tend to be more aggressive, impulsive, and insecure despite the appearance of popularity. Students who are identified as bullies act out toward others because they may feel their behavio r is well justified (stopbullyingnow.com) Many factors beginning in the home have been positively associated as a risk factor for children engaging in bullying others. Children who bully are likely to come from home situations in which there is little warmth and little positive adult attention, discipline can be inconsistent and at times physically aggressive (Olweus 1993) Divorce seems to be a common characteristic and divorce combined with punitive parenting increases the risk factor (Olweus 1994). Often times children are encouraged to â€Å"fight back† when they are bullied which in turn can lead to a higher chance that child will bully others in the future. (Olweus 1994) Children who are bullies may demonstrate less than adequate empathy for others and may have difficulty making connections in cause and effect relationships. ( Syversten, Flanagan, Stout 2009) Many schools are currently investigating their current school culture and how it is related to the bullying incidents occurring at the school. School culture in broad terms is the student and staff perception of the schoolShow MoreRelatedToo Much Violence and Bullying among Adolescents816 Words   |  3 Pagesyears, there has been an increase in the number of youth violence and social/relational bullying incidents among adolescents. Dresler-Hawke and Whitehead (2009, p. 195) define relational bullying as â€Å"a form of victimization whereby peer relationships are purposefully undermined with the intention of socially excluding individuals.† Relational bullying relates to the adolescent as this is an indirect form of bullying that has a negative impact on the social development of this population (Vessey, DiFazioRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Peer Pressure1659 Words   |  7 Pageson will be on how peer pressure is correlated to conformity. The sociological perspective I wi ll be applying towards my research will encompass Symbolic Interaction Sociological Perspective. I will be addressing one of the many social problems that many adolescent males undergo. I will be addressing and highlighting adolescence males living in Los Angeles, California who are peer pressured into bullying by their peers and conforming to peer pressure that leads to Cyber-bullying and Cyber-crimes.Read MorePersuasive Essay About Bullying859 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in schools is as old as any problem that plagues schools, and yet it is one of those cases that receive the least amount of attention. The air of denial is sometimes so pronounced that some schools brand themselves as â€Å"Bully Free† institutions. In the end, these downplayed incidents leave victims traumatized and scarred for many years while the culprits gain more confidence to continue with the evil deeds. 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Basically, bullying prevents students from feeling safe in schools and also it prevents developing positive self-concepts. The longer bullying goes on, the more the students are affected. In handling bullying problems, teacher’s role is the most important to prevent bulling because teachers can directly interactRead More Bullying Essay example657 Words   |  3 Pagesbullied then you should know how bullying feels like. Bullying is very negative and creates major problems for our society. Nothing good comes out of bullying. It could very well change or ruin a person’s life. In fact, it does ruin many people’s lives. Kids can be mentally scarred if they are teased often. Even worse, they could be killed or fatally injured if the bullying gets extreme. There are many causes for bullying which must be taken care of before bullying can be stopped. T.V. violenceRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bullying is considered to be aggressive behavior that is repeated or has the potential to be repeated, over a period of time. The actions of bullying can include spreading rumors, making threats, verbally or physically attacking someone, or purposely isolating someone from a group. As children attempt to make sense of traumatic events, new behavioral problems can stem from re-experienced occurrences. Some children affected may disassociate themselves from the situations and absorb themselvesRead MoreQuestions On Bullying And Bullying1518 Words   |  7 Pageshave no tolerance for bullying. Our anti-bullying policy gives teachers, students and anyone in the school community clear guidelines on how they should handle any allegations of bullying. This policy is intended to: †¢ Raise the awareness of the school community about the school’s stand on bullying. †¢ Provide strategies for preventing and dealing with bullying quickly and consistently. †¢ Provide understanding and support for bullied pupils. †¢ Help build an anti-bullying environment in the schoolRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesA bystander, according to Michael Webster’s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remaining passive and not engaging in prosocial behavior (Evans SmokowskiRead MoreBullying Is A Common Practice On School Grounds954 Words   |  4 Pages As a mother of two kids, bullying in schools is very important and personal subject to me. The problem is so extensive, lately it has been all over the media .According to research; bullying is when a person demonstrates an aggressive behavior and or constant toward another person. The se behaviors are intended to hurt and intimidate the person physically, mentally and emotionally (stopbullying.gov 2015). Although many schools have been struggling to prevent bullying, data shows that is it a common

Stop Book Banning Free Essays

Stop Book Banning! Should school administrators be allowed to ban books? Of course not! They are abusing their power of having the right to teach children. They want to ban a book just because it shows the true past of America, which some students cannot handle. They should not shield the past; if anything they should tell everything about the past and explain to the students why the events occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Book Banning or any similar topic only for you Order Now They should understand why America did the things it did so that they will not be ashamed of the country that they live in and they can then defend their country to anybody trying to put it down. One reason administrators should not be allowed to ban books is because it takes the right and freedom to choose what is read, away from the parents and students. Doesn’t it say in the first amendment that all people have the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press? By writing a book you are expressing and sharing your opinions which is exercising the freedom of speech, and by putting your words down on paper, you are exercising your freedom of the press. Why then are the school administrators trying to take our rights away from us? What makes them think they have the right to take away our freedoms given to us from the first amendment of the Constitution? The article â€Å"Book Banning Efforts are Up, Poll Finds† by Hillel Italie, says, ‘â€Å"It all stems from a fearfulness of well-meaning people,† said Michael Gorman, president of the library association. â€Å"We believe in parental responsibility, and that you should take care of what your children are reading. But it’s not your responsibility to tell a whole class of kids what they should read. ’ This is saying that yes you do have the right to decide what your kid reads, however you cannot decide what other kids should read. This also applies to the administrators. They can decide what their kid can read, but they cannot decide what an entire school can or cannot read. Another reason to not ban books is because it prevents kids from learning. How can we learn about the past and the way America was back when the great Ame rican authors wrote, when the administrators take away the books that teach us this, preventing us from learning? How can we learn of the language of the olden days when we cannot read this language? How are we supposed to learn the history of our ancestors and their ancestors when there is a possibility that administrators will ban the book that will help us do so? Why are the people of America letting these administrators get away with this cruel and unjust act? The article â€Å"Let Me Poison My Mind with Books† by Craig Pearson states, â€Å"Just like muscles, the brain requires pushups. The more ideas we expose ourselves to the more we devise our own. That’s why education, and thus reading, is so essential, even if by some people’s account what we read is dirty. † People should be able to choose for themselves what they read, and nobody else should be able to tell them differently. One person reads a book and learns something from that particular book. However, another person can read the exact same book and learn something completely different from what the first person learned. Why should this fact of life and learning be taken away because one person reads a book, learns something they don’t like from it, and then proceeds to take that book away from others, even though they will most likely learn something different then what the person trying to ban the book learned? The reason for the first person trying to ban the book could be something that another reader does not even notice or care about and it therefore does not impact them. So why are people so worried? One argument to my case could be that some people feel that these books should be banned to protect students from indecent and controversial material. But why should books be banned to protect one student in a school of hundreds, when none of the other kids or their parents feels that they need that kind of protection? You can not protect one kid from material if it means preventing others from that material. Instead, the kid who needs â€Å"protecting† should learn to protect themselves and choose not to read that material that could be harmful to him/her. Students need to learn to make decisions for themselves and banning material from a library is in no way helping them learn for themselves. If they are sheltered their whole life then what is going to happen when they embrace the real world? In the article â€Å"Did You Ever Meet a Book You Didn’t Like? † by Sharon Coatney, she says, â€Å"That being said, books are meant to be chosen carefully. Some titles are appropriate in one situation and not in another, for one child and not another. † I think she says it beautifully. Every kid needs to look at the book, asses it, and make sure it is something that they can and want to read. Each book that is made has a purpose. This could mean that that book is meant to be read by a certain kid at a certain point in their life so as to help guide that kid through life. All books have the chance to influence a kid’s life, so why would administrators want to prevent the book from somehow helping someone? Why can’t the administrators put themselves in our shoes? If the roles were reversed they would feel the same as we do. Why then do they have no compassion? Why can’t they do for us what we would do for them? The saying goes, â€Å"Treat others the way you want to be treated. † Young children can do it. Why can’t we? How to cite Stop Book Banning, Essay examples

Incompatibilism Essay Example For Students

Incompatibilism Essay Is man free? If everything is determined by antecedent conditions, how can we consider mans actions to be free? Is the belief that everything is determined incompatible with the concept of freedom? If all actions are determined, how can one be held morally responsible? The three possible positions, which may be taken in regard to these question, libertarianism, compatibilism (soft determinism), incompatibilism (hard determinism) lead to very different notions of moral responsibility. It is my belief that the incompatibilist argument as described by Van Inwagen defeats the compatibilists notion of freedom. Incompatibilism is the most convincing of the three theories proposed regarding the relationship between free will and determinism. Determinism is the idea that at any instant exactly one possible future exists. Determinism is a thesis about propositions, and by definition a proposition has a certain truth-value which we can express. The belief that I am walking has at its core the proposition that I am walking. In opposition to determinism, the indeterminist stases that not all events are the result of prior conditions, there is perhaps one tenth of one percent of our actions that can be truly spontaneous. This incompatibilist philosophers hold is enough to justify indeterminism. Libertarianism, in contrast, is the denial of the belief that all human actions are caused by an individuals character. It holds that a free act is not an uncaused act as determinism believes it to be, but rather an act caused by the self as distinct from the character of an individual. (Campbell) Free will is perhaps best defined as the possibility of being capable of doing more than one action. We say someone has free will if, when pr esented with two distinct paths, of which they can only choose one, they are equally capable of acting in either way. For example, a man is offered a drink and can drink the beverage, or alternatively can not drink the beverage, if we hold this to be true and the man is in situations similar to this on a regular basis we say he has free will. In contrast to determinism free will is a thesis about agents. I shall argue therefor that free will is incompatible with determinism. Incompatibilist philosophers hold that because the world is determined we are incapable of having free will. Van Inwagens argument for determinism is still the most convincing of arguments in the debate of free will. ? P, all facts about universe before people were present. ? Neither I nor anyone else had any choice about control over P. ? If P then necessarily Q so only one possible future is conceivable. ? Necessarily Q must have come about and no one had any control over Q. So incompatibilism holds that our voluntary actions are based on our character, thus we do not really have free will as our character is controlled by our past. Incompatibilist philosophers easily defeat the idea of indeterminism. If John could be described as a calm, thoughtful, and a peaceful man but one night goes out has a few beers and gets in a fight, we might initially say that the tendency to fight is not a trait of his. All determinists agree that we need to have deeper analysis of Johns personality. There is perhaps something in his persona that leads him to this seemingly uncharacteristic action. Put simply determinist thinkers including incompatibilists maintain that just because we have not discovered the cause of a particular event does not mean it has no cause. In fact if we look back through history our knowledge of determined events increases as scientific knowledge increases. Therefor we have disproved the idea of indeterminism, as we cannot say an event has no cause, only that we have not found the cause of that particular event. It is always conceivable that under further inquiry we will reveal that an event was actually caused. Invetment Essay? If an action is not determined by the state of the world then it has no explanation in terms of causal relationships. ? But some free actions do have explanations in terms of their history. ? Therefor incompatibilism is wrong. This argument assumes that if an action is not a purely chance or random event, if it is influenced by or has an explanation in terms of the agents reasons or motives for doing it, then it is determined. A.J. Ayer (1946) put this argument in the following form:Either it is an accident that I chose to act as I do or it is not. If it is an accident, then it is merely a matter of chance that I did not choose to do otherwise; and if it is merely a matter of chance that I did not choose otherwise, it is surely irrational to hold me morally responsible for choosing as I did. But if it is not an accident, then presumably there is some causal explanation of my choice: and in that case we are led back to determinism. If we look back on the bulleted argument above premises 1 and 3 are beyond doubt as the first is merely a definition of incompatibilism, while the third must be true when we examine our experiences. We regularly give explanations of our own actions, I am doing this paper because it counts for a grade and I hope for an A. It is the second premise in this argument that is faulty. Ayer incorrectly assumes that either an action is determined or it is a purely chance event. Van Inwagen in his response to compatibilist theory say that their definition of freedom is imply a poor analysis and should be rejected. Incompatibilism is the strongest position to hold on the deterministic and free will dilemma. It is the only complete argument that has a strong analytically formatted argument. Compatibilism has support in numbers but philosophers have never given a strong support for its belief. Free will can simply not be acceptable if we also say that the world is determined. Bibliography:

Against Banning Full-Face Veils free essay sample

Mirayda Martinez Against Banning Full-Face Veils Banning Full-Face Veils would not only make Muslim women feel vulnerable to men as a sexual desire, it would also make them feel betrayed by the country or state they live in. Being told what to wear is like being told what to eat or who to hang out with, it is unjust. Muslim women should be able to dress how they would like without being Judged or assaulted by anyone. The veil helps assure the women that they are not being looked at as a desire and in a way, wearing the veil helps make them feel closer to God. Enforcing laws against Full-Face Veils would be amiss because it would e stripping them of freedom of expression and religion. First, Muslim women should not be Judged by what they wear Just because it is different from the culture and beliefs of everyone else. We will write a custom essay sample on Against Banning Full-Face Veils or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is not a crime to be different, but then why do some women get assaulted and harassed for wearing a veil? Just because they do not believe in the same religion as other people does not mean they should get treated any differently than others. Muslim women should be entitled to wear whatever they want to, even if it is a Full-Face Veil that covers them from top to bottom. For some omen, veiling is an expression of their religious beliefs, and is no less or more a part of their religious observance than praying five times a day or fasting during Ramadan, the holy month of fasting and prayer in Islam. Veiling is a way women express their religious belief and should not get treated any less important than fasting or praying towards Mecca; it should get treated with the same respect. Second, the veil is very important.

How to Choose a Title for Your Essay by BestEssay.Education

How to Choose a Title for Your Essay Making The Right Choice Have you ever walked past a book in the bookstore, then immediately back-tracked to check it out because the title caught your eye? Maybe you’ve made a last minute decision to buy a magazine based one of the titles splashed across the cover. Writers and editors of a variety of publications use clever and compelling titles to hook the reader who will then, ideally, make a purchase. Obviously you are not selling your essay, but the title is still a part of a piece of writing that is going to be graded. Why not put a bit of an effort into the title as well? Are you wondering how to choose a title for your essay? Well, we have a few tricks up our sleeves that we’re going to share to help everybody learn how to title an essay. If you are writing an essay on a serious subject or a light-hearted topic, we have some great ideas for you. Leave the Title for Last Don’t try to write your title first. You will spend the rest of your time attempting to tailor your writing to the title. This will only result in frustration. Your best course of action is to write the essay first, and then to allow the essay to influence the title. However, this does not mean that you should not consider the title at all while you are working. If you get ideas, by all means jot them down. The more potential titles you have on your list once you are done writing, the better off you will be. Finding Good Titles for Essays There are many options for selecting a title for an essay. One thing you can do is examine the writing you have done to determine if there is a particular phrase that appears in your essay. This might be a possible candidate for inclusion in a title. You can also look for an opportunity to use a play on words to create a title that is catchy, and that makes the reader stop and think for a moment. Some writers select titles that are send-ups of other well-known titles. These are great options for coming up with a creative title for an essay that is on a lighter subject. Selecting a Title for a Serious Essay When you choose a title for an essay that is written about a solemn topic, you do want your title to be compelling. What you want to avoid is being unintentionally cutesy or irreverent. One option that works quite well is to take a compelling fact and incorporate this into the title of your essay. Here is an example. â€Å"200 Deaths a Year: Violence in the Inner City†. Another option is to put an action item in your title. It could look something like this. â€Å"Solving the Problem of Inner City Violence†. A third option is to utilize an emotional appeal like this: â€Å"The Heartbreaking Reality of Inner City Violence†.

The Worlds Most Ethical Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The Worlds Most Ethical Companies - Essay Example It also merged with the Quaker Oats Company in 2001. Currently, the company is distributing and providing food and beverages in more than 200 countries in the World. The PepsiCo Company produces several products that gain a large market share in the market compared to other products. Their main product categories include soft drinks, snacks, side dishes, rice snacks, cereals, energy drinks, coffee drinks and breakfast bars. PepsiCo’s business success is as a result of their moral responsibility and treatment to customers, employees and the environment. The company has appropriate and perfect treatment strategies to customers and employees. In addition, it is sensitive to environmental conservation and prevention of environmental pollution (PepsiCo, 2014). First, PepsiCo Company relates well with its customers. This enhances increased sales and improved relations with the customers. The company is socially responsible and sustainable and has a sound advertising strategy with more than forty slogans and songs. These slogans and songs are keys advertising strategy that the company incorporates. Secondly, the company offers promotion to its customers. This is a good strategy of improving customer relations. Late in 2003, Pepsi joined hands with Apple computers and announced promotion that would give one hundred million songs to Pepsi consumers. These free songs were from Apple’s iTunes music store which is a digital music download provider. The promotion initiative places specific codes in one litre bottles of Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, and Sierra Mist. The winning codes get free songs in the iTunes music store. The promotion is an example of PepsiCo’s strategy of capturing young customers. PepsiCo has three Pepsi zone lounge in California, Florida and Illinois. These lounges feature plasma TVs screens, couches, video games and computer stations. Everything in the lounge is free except the Pepsi vending machine which carries a variety of Pepsi

Doing Research in Business and Management Essay - 24

Doing Research in Business and Management - Essay Example Good financial management proved essential in achieving business goals, especially in relation to understanding financial statements that are critical to business success. Negotiation and communication skills from previous modules also proved useful in the business project module, particularly since these skills were invaluable in understanding how to deal with suppliers, customers, business associates, and employees (Heerkens, 2014: p28). Finally, knowledge about business legal issues was also applied because business projects are subject to various legal requirements like contracts with suppliers. My experiences working with the team on the project, especially our development as a virtual team, were particularly insightful. For example, it became increasingly evident as we progressed with the project that virtual team-working allows project team members to share information, decision-making, and innovation without the hazards, cost, and time of travel (Edmonson, 2012: p75). However, creating a virtual team was more difficult than I had initially anticipated. It was especially difficult to create high performance within the team without the required careful support, structuring, and attention to processes that enable teamwork to achieve its full potential. The most important challenges in making the virtual teamwork were leadership, management of conflict, relationship building, and effective communication. In relation to communication, it became increasingly important for the team leader to focus on processes for situation adaptation, especially given that the use of technolog y reduced the social presence and richness present in a face-to-face context (Gignac, 2013: p44).  Moreover, the initial building of high-quality relationships based on commitment, cooperation, respect, and trust was difficult despite its importance to the efficient functioning of teamwork.

Economic and Employment Impacts of Tourism

Economic and Employment Impacts of Tourism Tourism Impacts Tourism is regarded as an industry with enormous economic impacts that has been widely studied from a variety of research perspectives. Over the past decade, the interest in tourism development as a regional economic development strategy plan has been increasing rapidly as tourism is now being seen as potential basic industry that provided local employments opportunities, tax revenues and economic diversity (Gursoy et al, 2002; Getz,1986; Jurowski et al, 1997). The travel and tourism industry today is the worlds largest and most diverse business factor where a report by the UNWTO stated that in 2014 there were 1133 million of total international tourist arrivals and US $1245 billion receipts worldwide. The importance of the tourism industry is served as a main source of generating revenues, employment, private sector growth and infrastructure development in many countries (Gee, 1999; Chen Wei, 2009). Studies on the impacts of tourism have demonstrated that a destinations population acknowledges the economic and social benefits and also the cost of tourism on the respective community and lives (Murphy, 1985; Harvey et al, 1995; Jurowski et al, 1997; Choi and Sirakaya, 2006; Dyer et al, 2007). Furthermore, the impacts studies that were emerged during the 1960s drew more emphasis on the economic growth that acted as a form of national development which could be measure in terms of Gross National Product (GDP), rate of employment and the multiplier effect (Krannich et al, 1989). However, some researchers have emerged with some drawbacks of the impact of tourism in local community in terms of economy and ecological vulnerability (Briguglio et al, 2000; Briguglio, 2004; Sutton; 1999; Sutton, 2001). According to the Inter-Organisation Committee (IOC) (1994) the following types of the impact of tourism that needed to be considered is: social, cultural, demographic and economic. The IOC also stated that the focus should be on the more significant impacts, information and appropriate measures should be used and the impacts should be provided in a way that it can be understood by decision makers and leaders. The positive and negative aspects of tourism development may be referred as a chain of impacts with different linkages and is illustrated as a conceptual form in Figure 2.4. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the effects of the tourism expansion on the economy and briefly understand the mechanisms that bring out the effects of each link in the i mpact chain. In the next section, the major positive and negative impacts of tourism development will be discussed and Table 2.0 will provide a summarized list of the major positive and negative impacts of tourism on a country. Economic Impacts Tourism play an important role in stimulating economic growth by creating jobs, provide foreign exchange, enhance technology, produce return on investment for emerging countries and improve living standards in different countries (Eadington et al, 1991). Hall et al (2008) indicates that the tourism industry has the largest value in the worlds industry and it is a more effective way in expanding business and increase income than any other sectors compared. The tourism industry acts as an invisible export medium that brings in wealth which is used to toward the contribution of balancing payment, production, account deficit and employment. In 2012, the tourism industry generated 8% of employment worldwide (Candela and Figini, 2012). Eadington and Redman (1991) concluded that countries such as Ireland, the Caribbean and Egypt used the income from tourism to improve their economic development whereas country like Cambodia, tourism is one of the major source of income for future economic d evelopment. However, the development of tourism can also reduce the dependency on primary merchandise as a source of export earnings. Brown (1998) stated that over-dependency on a single source of income can be very risky. Employment Impact The tourism industry continues to grow into one of the most dynamic economic sectors according to the UNWTO as it acts as a reliable tool for sustainable job creation. Many studies have concluded that after several research that tourism does help in increasing the amount of jobs (Davis et al, 1988; Tosun, 2002; Weaver Lawton, 2001). Tyrrell and Sheldon (1984) discovered that the creation of jobs was one of the four most frequently mentioned benefits of tourism. However, Turner and Sears (2014) stated that the travel and tourism sector is a leading employment creator all around the world by employing more than 98 million people and representing around 3% of total world employment. The employment rate in this sector keeps on growing and is more likely to stay high. For example, Table 2.1. displays the tabulated date retrieved from Figure 2.5. i.e. between 2012 and 2022 the estimated creation of extra jobs is listed as 63 million. Tourism being a service industry, is mostly argued to be labour intensive in nature and that one major impact of tourism is that it acts as an engine for employment creation. However, Mathieson and Wall (1982) stated that such employment can be classified into 3 categories: Direct Employment Direct employment occurs as a result of tourism expenditure. Front offices in hotels, restaurant, travel agencies, tourism information offices, aircrafts, cruise line, resorts or shopping outlets provide direct employment because their employees are in contact with tourist and cater for tourist demand.

Ikea Children Labour

KEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) In May 1995, Marianne Barner faced a tough decision. After just two years with IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer, and less than a year into her job as business area manager for carpets, she was faced with the decision of cutting off one of the company’s major suppliers of Indian rugs. While such a move would disrupt supply and affect sales, she found the reasons to do so quite compelling.A German TV station had just broadcast an investigative report naming the supplier as one that used child labor in the production of rugs made for IKEA. What frustrated Barner was that, like all other IKEA suppliers, this large, well-regarded company had recently signed an addendum to its supply contract explicitly forbidding the use of child labor on pain of termination. Even more difficult than this short-term decision was the long-term action Barner knew IKEA must take on this issue. On one hand, she w as being urged to sign up to an industry-wide response to growing concerns about the use of child labor in the Indian carpet industry.A recently formed partnership of manufacturers, importers, retailers, and Indian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) was proposing to issue and monitor the use of â€Å"Rugmark,† a label to be put on carpets certifying that they were made without child labor. Simultaneously, Barner had been conversing with people at the Swedish Save the Children organization who were urging IKEA to ensure that its response to the situation was â€Å"in the best interest of the child†Ã¢â‚¬â€whatever that might imply. Finally, there were some who wondered if IKEA should not just leave this hornet’s nest.Indian rugs accounted for a tiny part of IKEA’s turnover, and to these observers, the time, cost, and reputation risk posed by continuing this product line seemed not worth the profit potential. The Birth and Maturing of a Global Company1 To understand IKEA’s operations, one had to understand the philosophy and beliefs of its 70year-old founder, Ingvar Kamprad. Despite stepping down as CEO in 1986, almost a decade later, Kamprad retained the title of honorary chairman and was still very involved in the company’s activities.Yet perhaps even more powerful than his ongoing presence were his strongly held values and beliefs, which long ago had been deeply embedded in IKEA’s culture. Kamprad was 17 years old when he started the mail-order company he called IKEA, a name that combined his initials with those of his family farm, Elmtaryd, and parish, Agunnaryd, located in the ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Professor Christopher A.Bartlett, Executive Director of the HBS Europe Research Center Vincent Dessain, and Research Associate Anders Sjoman prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discuss ion. Certain details have been disguised. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. bsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) forests of southern Sweden. Working out of the family kitchen, he sold goods such as fountain pens, cigarette lighters, and binders he purchased from low-priced sources and then advertised in a newsletter to local shopkeepers.Wh en Kamprad matched his competitors by adding furniture to his newsletter in 1948, the immediate success of the new line led him to give up the small items. In 1951, to reduce product returns, he opened a display store in nearby Almhult village to allow customers to inspect products before buying. It was an immediate success, with customers traveling seven hours from the capital Stockholm by train to visit. Based on the store’s success, IKEA stopped accepting mail orders. Later Kamprad reflected, â€Å"The basis of the modern IKEA concept was created [at this time] and in principle it still applies.First and foremost, we use a catalog to tempt people to visit an exhibition, which today is our store. . . . Then, catalog in hand, customers can see simple interiors for themselves, touch the furniture they want to buy and then write out an order. †2 As Kamprad developed and refined his furniture retailing business model he became increasingly frustrated with the way a tight ly knit cartel of furniture manufacturers controlled the Swedish industry to keep prices high. He began to view the situation not just as a business opportunity but also as an unacceptable social problem that he wanted to correct.Foreshadowing a vision for IKEA that would later be articulated as â€Å"creating a better life for the many people,† he wrote: â€Å"A disproportionately large part of all resources is used to satisfy a small part of the population. . . . IKEA’s aim is to change this situation. We shall offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them. . . . We have great ambitions. †3 The small newsletter soon expanded into a full catalog. The 1953 issue introduced what would become another key IKEA feature: self-assembled furniture.Instead of buying complete pieces of furniture, customers bought them in flat packages and put them together themselves at home. So on, the â€Å"knockdown† concept was fully systemized, saving transport and storage costs. In typical fashion, Kamprad turned the savings into still lower prices for his customers, gaining an even larger following among young postwar householders looking for well-designed but inexpensive furniture. Between 1953 and 1955, the company’s sales doubled from SEK 3 million to SEK 6 million. 4Managing Suppliers: Developing Sourcing Principles As its sales took off in the late 1950s, IKEA’s radically new concepts began to encounter stiff opposition from Sweden’s large furniture retailers. So threatened were they that when IKEA began exhibiting at trade fairs, they colluded to stop the company from taking orders at the fairs and eventually even from showing its prices. The cartel also pressured manufacturers not to sell to IKEA, and the few that continued to do so often made their deliveries at night in unmarked vans.Unable to meet demand with such constrained loc al supply, Kamprad was forced to look abroad for new sources. In 1961, he contracted with several furniture factories in Poland, a country still in the Communist eastern bloc. To assure quality output and reliable delivery, IKEA brought its knowhow, taught its processes, and even provided machinery to the new suppliers, revitalizing Poland’s furniture industry as it did so. Poland soon became IKEA’s largest source and, to Kamprad’s delight, at much lower costs—once again allowing him to reduce his prices.Following its success in Poland, IKEA adopted a general procurement principle that it should not own its means of production but should seek to develop close ties by supporting its suppliers in a 2 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) 906-414 long-term relationship. a Beyond supply contracts and technology transfer, the relationship led IKEA to make loans to its suppliers at reasonable rates, repayable through future sh ipments. â€Å"Our objective is to develop long-term business partners,† explained a senior purchasing manager. We commit to doing all we can to keep them competitive—as long as they remain equally committed to us. We are in this for the long run. † Although the relationship between IKEA and its suppliers was often described as one of mutual dependency, suppliers also knew that they had to remain competitive to keep their contract. From the outset they understood that if a more cost-effective alternative appeared, IKEA would try to help them respond, but if they could not do so, it would move production. In its constant quest to lower prices, the company developed an unusual way of identifying new sources.As a veteran IKEA manager explained: â€Å"We do not buy products from our suppliers. We buy unused production capacity. † It was a philosophy that often led its purchasing managers to seek out seasonal manufacturers with spare off-season capacity. There were many classic examples of how IKEA matched products to supplier capabilities: they had sail makers make seat cushions, window factories produce table frames, and ski manufacturers build chairs in their off-season. The manager added, â€Å"We’ve always worried more about finding the right management at our suppliers than finding high-tech facilities.We will always help good management to develop their capacity. † Growing Retail: Expanding Abroad Building on the success of his first store, Kamprad self-financed a store in Stockholm in 1965. Recognizing a growing use of automobiles in Sweden, he bucked the practice of having a downtown showroom and opted for a suburban location with ample parking space. When customers drove home with their furniture in flat packed boxes, they assumed two of the costliest parts of traditional furniture retailing—home delivery and assembly. In 1963, even before the Stockholm store had opened, IKEA had expanded into Oslo, Norway.A decade later, Switzerland became its first non-Scandinavian market, and in 1974 IKEA entered Germany, which soon became its largest market. (See Exhibit 1 for IKEA’s worldwide expansion. ) At each new store the same simple Scandinavian-design products were backed up with a catalog and offbeat advertising, presenting the company as â€Å"those impossible Swedes with strange ideas. † And reflecting the company’s conservative values, each new entry was financed by previous successes. b During this expansion, the IKEA concept evolved and became increasingly formalized. (Exhibit 2 summarizes important events in IKEA’s corporate history. It still built large, suburban stores with knockdown furniture in flat packages the customers brought home to assemble themselves. But as the concept was refined, the company required that each store follow a predetermined design, set up to maximize customers’ exposure to the product range. The concept mandated, for ins tance, that the living room interiors should follow immediately after the entrance. IKEA also serviced customers with features such as a playroom for children, a low-priced restaurant, and a â€Å"Sweden Shop† for groceries that had made IKEA Sweden’s leading food exporter. At the same time, the range gradually This policy was modified after a number of East European suppliers broke their contracts with IKEA after the fall of the Berlin Wall opened new markets for them. IKEA’s subsequent supply chain problems and loss of substantial investments led management to develop an internal production company, Swedwood, to ensure delivery stability. However, it was decided that only a limited amount of IKEA’s purchases (perhaps 10%) should be sourced from Swedwood. b By 2005, company lore had it that IKEA had only taken one bank loan in its corporate history—which it had paid back as soon as the cash flow allowed. 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Chall enge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) expanded beyond furniture to include a full line of home furnishing products such as textiles, kitchen utensils, flooring, rugs and carpets, lamps, and plants. The Emerging Culture and Values5 As Kamprad’s evolving business philosophy was formalized into the IKEA vision statement, â€Å"To create a better everyday life for the many people,† it became the foundation of the company’s strategy of selling affordable, good-quality furniture to mass-market consumers around the world.The cultural norms and values that developed to support the strategy’s implementation were also, in many ways, an extension of Kamprad’s personal beliefs and style. â€Å"The true IKEA spirit,† he remarked, â€Å"is founded on our enthusiasm, our constant will to renew, on our cost-consciousness, on our willingness to assume responsibility and to help, on our humbleness before the task, and on the simplicity of our behavior. † As well as a summary of his aspiration for the company’s behavioral norms, it was also a good statement of Kamprad’s own personal management style.Over the years a very distinct organizational culture and management style emerged in IKEA reflecting these values. For example, the company operated very informally as evidenced by the open-plan office landscape, where even the CEO did not have a separate office, and the familiar and personal way all employees addressed one another. But that informality often masked an intensity that derived from the organization’s high self-imposed standards. As one senior executive explained, â€Å"Because there is no security available behind status or closed doors, this environment actually puts pressure on people to perform. The IKEA management process also stressed simplicity and attention to detail. â€Å"Complicated rules paralyze! † said Kamprad. The company organized â€Å"anti-bureaucrat week† every year, requiring all managers to spend time working in a store to reestablish contact with the front line and the consumer. The workpace was such that executives joked that IKEA believed in â€Å"management by running around. † Cost consciousness was another strong part of the management culture. â€Å"Waste of resources,† said Kamprad, â€Å"is a mortal sin at IKEA. Expensive solutions are often signs of mediocrity, and an idea without a price tag is never acceptable. Although cost consciousness extended into all aspects of the operation, travel and entertainment expenses were particularly sensitive. â€Å"We do not set any price on time,† remarked an executive, recalling that he had once phoned Kamprad to get approval to fly first class. He explained that economy class was full and that he had an urgent appointment to keep. â€Å"There is no first class in IKEA,† Kamprad had replied. â€Å"Perhaps you should go by car. † The executive completed the 35 0-mile trip by taxi. The search for creative solutions was also highly prized with IKEA. Kamprad had written, â€Å"Only while sleeping one makes no mistakes.The fear of making mistakes is the root of bureaucracy and the enemy of all evolution. † Though planning for the future was encouraged, overanalysis was not. â€Å"Exaggerated planning can be fatal,† Kamprad advised his executives. â€Å"Let simplicity and common sense characterize your planning. † In 1976, Kamprad felt the need to commit to paper the values that had developed in IKEA during the previous decades. His thesis, Testament of a Furniture Dealer, became an important means for spreading the IKEA philosophy, particularly during its period of rapid international expansion. (Extracts of the Testament are given in Exhibit 3. Specially trained â€Å"IKEA ambassadors† were assigned to key positions in all units to spread the company’s philosophy and values by educating their subordinates a nd by acting as role models. 4 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) 906-414 In 1986, when Kamprad stepped down, Anders Moberg, a company veteran who had once been Kamprad’s personal assistant, took over as president and CEO. But Kamprad remained intimately involved as chairman, and his influence extended well beyond the ongoing daily operations: he was the self-appointed guardian of IKEA’s deeply embedded culture and values.Waking up to Environmental and Social Issues By the mid-1990s, IKEA was the world's largest specialized furniture retailer. Sales for the IKEA Group for the financial year ending August 1994 totaled SEK 35 billion (about $4. 5 billion). In the previous year, more than 116 million people had visited one of the 98 IKEA stores in 17 countries, most of them drawn there by the company’s product catalog, which was printed yearly in 72 million copies in 34 languages. The privately held company did not report profi t levels, but one estimate put its net margin at 8. 4% in 1994, yielding a net profit of SEK 2. billion (about $375 million). 6 After decades of seeking new sources, in the mid-1990s IKEA worked with almost 2,300 suppliers in 70 countries, sourcing a range of around 11,200 products. Its relationship with its suppliers was dominated by commercial issues, and its 24 trading service offices in 19 countries primarily monitored production, tested new product ideas, negotiated prices, and checked quality. (See Exhibit 4 for selected IKEA figures in 1994. ) That relationship began to change during the 1980s, however, when environmental problems emerged with some of its products.And it was even more severely challenged in the mid-1990s when accusations of IKEA suppliers using child labor surfaced. The Environmental Wake-Up: Formaldehyde In the early 1980s, Danish authorities passed regulations to define limits for formaldehyde emissions permissible in building products. The chemical compoun d was used as binding glue in materials such as plywood and particleboard and often seeped out as gas. At concentrations above 0. 1 mg/kg in air, it could cause watery eyes, headaches, a burning sensation in the throat, and difficulty breathing.With IKEA’s profile as a leading local furniture retailer using particleboard in many of its products, it became a prime target for regulators wanting to publicize the new standards. So when tests showed that some IKEA products emitted more formaldehyde than was allowed by legislation, the case was widely publicized and the company was fined. More significantly—and the real lesson for IKEA—was that due to the publicity, its sales dropped 20% in Denmark. In response to this situation, the company quickly established stringent requirements regarding formaldehyde emissions but soon found that suppliers were failing to meet its standards.The problem was that most of its suppliers bought from subsuppliers, who in turn bought t he binding materials from glue manufacturers. Eventually, IKEA decided it would have to work directly with the glue-producing chemical companies and, with the collaboration of companies such as ICI and BASF, soon found ways to reduce the formaldehyde off-gassing in its products. 7 A decade later, however, the formaldehyde problem returned. In 1992, an investigative team from a large German newspaper and TV company found that IKEA’s best-selling bookcase series, Billy, had emissions higher than German legislation allowed.This time, however, the source of the problem was not the glue but the lacquer on the bookshelves. In the wake of headlines describing â€Å"deadly poisoned bookshelves,† IKEA immediately stopped both the production and sales of Billy bookcases worldwide and corrected the problem before resuming distribution. Not counting the cost of lost sales and production or the damage to goodwill, the Billy incident was estimated to have cost IKEA $6 million to $7 million. 8 5 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A)These events prompted IKEA to address broader environmental concerns more directly. Since wood was the principal material in about half of all IKEA products, forestry became a natural starting point. Following discussions with both Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF, formerly World Wildlife Fund) and using standards set by the Forest Stewardship Council, IKEA established a forestry policy stating that IKEA would not accept any timber, veneer, plywood, or layer-glued wood from intact natural forests or from forests with a high conservation value.This meant that IKEA had to be willing to take on the task of tracing all wood used in IKEA products back to its source. 9 To monitor compliance, the company appointed forest managers to carry out random checks of wood suppliers and run projects on responsible forestry around the world. In addition to forestry, IKEA identified four other a reas where environmental criteria were to be applied to its business operations: adapting the product range; working with suppliers; transport and distribution; and ensuring environmentally conscious stores.For instance, in 1992, the company began using chlorine-free recycled paper in its catalogs; it redesigned the best-selling OGLA chair— originally manufactured from beech—so it could be made using waste material from yogurt cup production; and it redefined its packaging principles to eliminate any use of PVC. The company also maintained its partnership with WWF, resulting in numerous projects on global conservation, and funded a global forest watch program to map intact natural forests worldwide. In addition, it engaged in an ongoing dialogue with Greenpeace on forestry. 10 The Social Wake-Up: Child LaborIn 1994, as IKEA was still working to resolve the formaldehyde problems, a Swedish television documentary showed children in Pakistan working at weaving looms. Amon g the several Swedish companies mentioned in the film as importers of carpets from Pakistan, IKEA was the only highprofile name on the list. Just two months into her job as business area manager for carpets, Marianne Barner recalled the shockwaves that the TV program sent through the company: The use of child labor was not a high-profile public issue at the time. In fact, the U. N. Convention on the Rights of the Child had only been published in December 1989.So, media attention like this TV program had an important role to play in raising awareness on a topic not well known and understood—including at IKEA. . . . We were caught completely unaware. It was not something we had been paying attention to. For example, I had spent a couple of months in India learning about trading but got no exposure to child labor. Our buyers met suppliers in their city offices and rarely got out to where production took place. . . . Our immediate response to the program was to apologize for our ignorance and acknowledge that we were not in full control of this problem.But we also committed to do something about it. As part of its response, IKEA sent a legal team to Geneva to seek input and advice from the International Labor Organization (ILO) on how to deal with the problem. They learned that Convention 138, adopted by the ILO in 1973 and ratified by 120 countries, committed ratifying countries to working for the abolition of labor by children under 15 or the age of compulsory schooling in that country. India, Pakistan, and Nepal were not signatories to the convention. 1 Following these discussions with the ILO, IKEA added a clause to all supply contracts—a â€Å"black-andwhite† clause, as Barner put it—stating simply that if the supplier employed children under legal working age, the contract would be cancelled. To take the load off field trading managers and to provide some independence to the monitoring process, the company appointed a third-party agent to monitor child labor practices at its suppliers in India and Pakistan. Because this type of external monitoring was very unusual, IKEA had some difficulty locating a reputable and competent company to perform the task. Finally, they appointed a 6IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) 906-414 well-known Scandinavian company with extensive experience in providing external monitoring of companies’ quality assurance programs and gave them the mandate not only to investigate complaints but also to undertake random audits of child labor practices at suppliers’ factories. Early Lessons: A Deeply Embedded Problem With India being the biggest purchasing source for carpets and rugs, Barner contacted Swedish Save the Children, UNICEF, and the ILO to expand her understanding and to get advice about the issue of child labor, especially in South Asia.She soon found that hard data was often elusive. While estimates of child labor in India var ied from the government’s 1991 census figure of 11. 3 million children under 15 working12 to Human Rights Watch’s estimate of between 60 million and 115 million child laborers,13 it was clear that a very large number of Indian children as young as five years old worked in agriculture, mining, quarrying, and manufacturing, as well as acting as household servants, street vendors, or beggars.Of this total, an estimated 200,000 were employed in the carpet industry, working on looms in large factories, for small subcontractors, and in homes where whole families worked on looms to earn extra income. 14 Children could be bonded—essentially placed in servitude—in order to pay off debts incurred by their parents, typically in the range of 1,000 to 10,000 rupees ($30 to $300). But due to the astronomical interest rates and the very low wages offered to children, it could take years to pay off such loans. Indeed, some indentured child laborers eventually passed on t he debt to their own children.The Indian government stated that it was committed to the abolition of bonded labor, which had been illegal since the Children (Pledging of Labour) Act passed under British rule in 1933. The practice continued to be widespread, however, and to reinforce the earlier law, the government passed the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act in 1976. 15 But the government took a less absolute stand on unbonded child labor, which it characterized as â€Å"a socioeconomic phenomenon arising out of poverty and the lack of development. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986 prohibited the use of child labor (applying to those under 14) in certain defined â€Å"hazardous industries† and regulated children’s hours and working conditions in others. But the government felt that the majority of child labor involved â€Å"children working alongside and under the supervision of their parents† in agriculture, cottage industries, and s ervice roles. Indeed, the law specifically permitted children to work in craft industries â€Å"in order not to outlaw the passage of specialized handicraft skills from generation to generation. 16 Critics charged that even with these laws on the books, exploitive child labor—including bonded labor—was widespread because laws were poorly enforced and prosecution rarely severe. 17 Action Required: New Issues, New Options In the fall of 1994, after managing the initial response to the crisis, Barner and her direct manager traveled to India, Nepal, and Pakistan to learn more. Barner recalled the trip: â€Å"We felt the need to educate ourselves, so we met with our suppliers. But we also met with unions, politicians, activists, NGOs, U. N. rganizations, and carpet export organizations. We even went out on unannounced carpet factory raids with local NGOs; we saw child labor, and we were thrown out of some places. † On the trip, Barner also learned of the formation o f the Rugmark Foundation, a recently initiated industry response to the child labor problem in the Indian carpet industry. Triggered by a consumer awareness program started by human rights organizations, consumer activists, and trade unions in Germany in the early 1990s, the Indo-German Export Promotion Council had joined up with key 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) Indian carpet manufacturers and exporters and some Indian NGOs to develop a label certifying that the hand-knotted carpets to which it was attached were made without the use of child labor. To implement this idea, the Rugmark Foundation was organized to supervise the use of the label. It expected to begin exporting rugs carrying a unique identifying number in early 1995.As a major purchaser of Indian rugs, IKEA was invited to sign up with Rugmark as a way of dealing with the ongoing potential for child labor problems on products sourced from India. On her return to Sweden, Barner again met frequently with the Swedish Save the Children’s expert on child labor. â€Å"The people there had a very forward-looking view on the issue and taught us a lot,† said Barner. â€Å"Above all, they emphasized the need to ensure you always do what is in the best interests of the child. † This was the principle set at the heart of the U. N.Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), a document with which Barner was now quite familiar. (See Exhibit 5 for Article 32 from the U. N. Convention on the Rights of the Child. ) The more Barner learned, the more complex the situation became. As a business area manager with full profit-and-loss responsibility for carpets, she knew she had to protect not only her business but also the IKEA brand and image. Yet she viewed her responsibility as broader than this: She felt the company should do something that would make a difference in the lives of the children she had seen.It was a view that was not universally held within IKEA, where many were concerned that a very proactive stand could put the business at a significant cost disadvantage to its competitors. A New Crisis Then, in the spring of 1995, a year after IKEA began to address this issue, a well-known German documentary maker notified the company that a film he had made was about to be broadcast on German television showing children working at looms at Rangan Exports, one of IKEA’s major suppliers.While refusing to let the company preview the video, the filmmaker produced still shots taken directly from the video. The producer then invited IKEA to send someone to take part in a live discussion during the airing of the program. Said Barner, â€Å"Compared to the Swedish program, which documented the use of child labor in Pakistan as a serious report about an important issue without targeting any single company, it was immediately clear that this German-produced program planned to take a confrontational and aggressive approac h aimed directly at IKEA and one of its suppliers. For Barner, the first question was whether to recommend that IKEA participate in the program or decline the invitation. Beyond the immediate public relations issue, she also had to decide how to deal with Rangan Exports’ apparent violation of the contractual commitment it had made not to use child labor. And finally, this crisis raised the issue of whether the overall approach IKEA had been taking to the issue of child labor was appropriate. Should the company continue to try to deal with the issue through its own relationships with its suppliers?Should it step back and allow Rugmark to monitor the use of child labor on its behalf? Or should it recognize that the problem was too deeply embedded in the culture of these countries for it to have any real impact and simply withdraw? 8 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) 906-414 Exhibit 1 IKEA Stores, Fiscal Year Ending August 1994 a. Historica l Store Growth 1954 Number of Stores 0 1964 2 1974 9 1984 52 1994 114 b. Country’s First StoreFirst Store (with city) Country Sweden Norway Denmark Switzerland Germany Australia Canada Austria Netherlands Singapore Spain Iceland France Saudi Arabia Belgium Kuwait United States United Kingdom Hong Kong Italy Hungary Poland Czech Republic United Arab Emirates Slovakia Taiwan Year 1958 1963 1969 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1978 1980 1981 1981 1983 1984 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1991 1991 1992 1994 City Almhult Oslo Copenhagen Zurich Munich Artamon Vancouver Vienna Rotterdam Singapore Gran Canaria Reykjavik Paris Jeddah Brussels Kuwait City Philadelphia Manchester Hong Kong Milan Budapest Platan Prague Dubai Bratislava TaipeiSource: IKEA website, http://franchisor. ikea. com/txtfacts. html, accessed October 15, 2004. 9 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) Exhibit 2 IKEA History: Selected Events Year 1943 1945 1948 1951 1955 1 956 1958 1961 1963 1965 1965 1973 1974 1978 1980 1980 1985 1985 1991 Event IKEA is founded. Ingvar Kamprad constructs the company name from his initials (Ingvar Kamprad), his home farm (Elmtaryd), and its parish (Agunnaryd). The first IKEA ad appears in press, advertising mail-order products. Furniture is introduced into the IKEA product range.Products are still only advertised through ads. The first IKEA catalogue is distributed. IKEA starts to design its own furniture. Self-assembly furniture in flat packs is introduced. The first IKEA store opens in Almhult, Sweden. Contract with Polish sources, IKEA’s first non-Scandinavian suppliers. First delivery is 20,000 chairs. The first IKEA store outside Sweden opens in Norway. IKEA opens in Stockholm, introducing the self-serve concept to furniture retailing. IKEA stores add a section called â€Å"The Cook Shop,† offering quality utensils at low prices.The first IKEA store outside Scandinavia opens in Spreitenbach, Switzer land. A plastic chair is developed at a supplier that usually makes buckets. The BILLY bookcase is introduced to the range, becoming an instant top seller. One of IKEA’s best-sellers, the KLIPPAN sofa with removable, washable covers, is introduced. Introduction of LACK coffee table, made from a strong, light material by an interior door factory. The first IKEA Group store opens in the U. S. MOMENT sofa with frame built by a supermarket trolley factory is introduced. Wins a design prize. IKEA establishes its own industrial group, Swedwood.Source: Adapted from IKEA Facts and Figures, 2003 and 2004 editions, and IKEA internal documents. 10 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) 906-414 Exhibit 3 â€Å"A Furniture Dealer’s Testament†Ã¢â‚¬â€A Summarized Overview In 1976, Ingvar Kamprad listed nine aspects of IKEA that he believed formed the basis of the IKEA culture together with the vision statement â€Å"To create a better everyd ay life for the many people. † These aspects are given to all new employees through a pamphlet titled â€Å"A Furniture Dealer’s Testament. † The following table summarizes the major points: Cornerstone 1.The Product Range—Our Identity 2. The IKEA Spirit—A Strong and Living Reality 3. Profit Gives Us Resources Summarize Description IKEA sells well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible can afford them. IKEA is about enthusiasm, renewal, thrift, responsibility, humbleness toward the task and simplicity. IKEA will achieve profit (which Kamprad describes as a â€Å"wonderful word†) through the lowest prices, good quality, economical development of products, improved purchasing processes and cost savings. â€Å"Waste is a deadly sin. † 4.Reaching Good Results with Small Means 5. Simplicity is a Virtue Complex regulations and exaggerated planning paralyze. IKEA people stay simple in st yle and habits as well as in their organizational approach. IKEA is run from a small village in the woods. IKEA asks shirt factories to make seat cushions and window factories to make table frames. IKEA discounts its umbrellas when it rains. IKEA does things differently. â€Å"We can never do everything everywhere, all at the same time. † At IKEA, you choose the most important thing to do and finish that before starting a new project. The fear of making mistakes is the root of bureaucracy. † Everyone has the right to make mistakes; in fact, everyone has an obligation to make mistakes. 6. Doing it a Different Way 7. Concentration—Important to Our Success 8. Taking Responsibility—A Privilege 9. Most Things Still Remain to be IKEA is only at the beginning of what it might become. 200 stores is Done. A Glorious Future! nothing. â€Å"We are still a small company at heart. † Source: Adapted by casewriters from IKEA’s â€Å"A Furniture Dealer†™s Testament†; Bertil Torekull, â€Å"Leading by Design: The IKEA Story† (New York: Harper Business, 1998, p. 12); and interviews. 11 906-414 IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) Exhibit 4 a. Sales IKEA in Figures, 1993–1994 (fiscal year ending August 31, 1994) Country/region Germany Sweden Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway North America (U. S. and Canada) Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia Australia SEK billion 10. 4 3. 9 7. 7 7. 3 4. 9 0. 5 0. 4 35. 0 Percentage 29. 70% 11. 20% 21. 90% 20. 80% 13. 90% 1. 50% 1. 00% b. PurchasingCountry/region Nordic Countries East and Central Europe Rest of Europe Rest of the World Percentage 33. 4% 14. 3% 29. 6% 22. 7% Source: IKEA Facts and Figures, 1994. Exhibit 5 The U. N. Convention on the Rights of the Child: Article 32 1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development. . States Parties shall take legislative, administrative, social, and educational measures to ensure the implementation of the present article. To this end, and having regard to the relevant provisions of other international instruments, States Parties shall in particular: (a) (b) (c) Provide for a minimum age for admission to employment Provide for appropriate regulation of hours and conditions of employment Provide for appropriate or other sanctions to ensure the effective enforcement of the present article.

Kogi&Earth Essay

View the film about the Kogi. Briefly describe their religion and how it is interrelated in everything they do. What is a mama? Describe the mamas and their religion using anthropological concepts related to religion. What is their prediction for the world? What kind of evidence are they using to support their prediction? The Kogi are a descendant tribe from the Tairona culture, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia. They live in a mountain range that literally has its own ecosystem. To them it is a smaller version of the whole world where every climate is possible. They are an isolated tribe that feel it is their job to keep the heart of Aluna beating to help out the Young Brother. They are very dissatisfied about the way that Young Brother is exploiting, devastating, and plunder Aluna, or Great Mother. To the Kogi, there were 9 worlds made from water. The last one which is inhabited by humanity, or Aluna’s children. Their Kankurua, or hut, is designed like the nine worlds. They are made up of rings that circle to the top, with the top one being the apex of Aluna. (http://www.crystalinks.com/kogi.html) The Mama’s, or spiritual leaders, share the tribes history and religion through word of mouth. For the first nine years of a Mama’s life, they are kept in a cave in total darkness to learn the secrets of Aluna. (http://www.labyrinthina.com/kogi.htm). The mother of the Mama will come in to feed the child, but they are usually left in absolute isolation, so when the emerge into the light, they may see the beauty that Aluna has shown them. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urMcofvcMAU) The Kogi are an indigenous tribe that walk around barefoot to keep in contact with Aluna. They aren’t hunter/gathers, they are an agricultural tribe that plants beans, corn, cotton, and gourds. The only food supply they gather is fish. The Kogi are worried about the world and have a dire prediction for the fate of the planet, because Young Brother is cutting Mother up. They are looting her for her resources which is killing her. The evidence to supporting this is that the tundra, which once used to be green is now brown. http://www.crystalinks.com/kogi.html http://www.labyrinthina.com/kogi.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urMcofvcMAU

The Case Of Bank Of America Vs. The Deaf - 1234 Words

Introduction Laws against discrimination of any kind are implemented so that each individual is able to have an equal opportunity at employment. In the case of Bank of America vs. the deaf employee who wanted an interpreter to work with them, there was an indication of discrimination towards the individual. The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, was applied to prevent these types of acts to happen, and due to the issues Bank of America had in rebellion of this act, caused the lawsuit by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). History and Background of ADA The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), is the United States first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities,†¦show more content†¦1-4). History and Background USERRA In conjunction with the ADA of 1990, there is the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA), which protects individuals involved in the military service. This act helps protect those who are active or inactive, having performed as a member of the military service, to be able to keep or get employment regardless of the service obligations. Essentially, this act was created to protect veterans from discrimination acts from organizations and to go along with the equal opportunity employment execution. This act is supremely important because of the amount of dedication that is involved from a member of the military service to give their time and put their life on the line for others citizens of this country. To have this act in place allows those individuals to be able to have flexibility with their careers in the event they have to leave for deployment and upon their return as such. This is a law that shows respect and admiration for the service mem bers and states that they are protected in the event duty calls and they must be called upon to help defend our country (USERRA, 2012, para. 1-6). History and Background of Bank of America Case Bank of America is a large and powerful corporation that apparently felt they could override the law of the ADA.